{"id":198,"date":"2023-11-05T16:32:21","date_gmt":"2023-11-05T08:32:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/8.140.50.131\/?p=198"},"modified":"2023-11-05T16:32:21","modified_gmt":"2023-11-05T08:32:21","slug":"11-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fg2025.cn\/index.php\/2023\/11\/05\/11-05\/","title":{"rendered":"11\/05"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6<\/div>
\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\uff08Syntactic sugar\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bd1\u4e3a\u7cd6\u8863\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5170\u8fbe<\/a>\uff08Peter J. Landin\uff09\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6307\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bed\u8a00<\/a>\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458<\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u80fd\u591f\u589e\u52a0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IO<\/div>
IO:I\/O\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa(Input\/Output)\uff0c\u5206\u4e3aIO\u8bbe\u5907\u548cIO\u63a5\u53e3\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5728POSIX<\/a>\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Linux<\/a>\u7cfb\u7edf [1]<\/sup> <\/a> \uff0cI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c<\/a>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982DIO(Direct I\/O)\uff0cAIO<\/a>(Asynchronous I\/O\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65I\/O)\uff0cMemory-Mapped I\/O(\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04I\/O<\/a>)\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684I\/O\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684I\/O\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h2>\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/div>
\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u533a\u57df\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u628a\u9759\u6001\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5305\u62ec\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6709\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u6709\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7aef\u53e3\u7b49\u3002<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/div>
\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u53ea\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u72b6\u6001\u3002
\n<\/div>
\u5c31\u7eea\u6001\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u5206\u914d\u5230\u9664CPU\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u518d\u83b7\u5f97CPU\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6392\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c31\u7eea\u961f\u5217\u3002
\n\u8fd0\u884c\u6001\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97CPU\uff0c\u5176\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u3002
\n\u963b\u585e\u6001\uff1a\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u67d0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u6682\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u653e\u5f03\u5904\u7406\u673a\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u6682\u505c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u81f4\u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42I\/O\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u7f13\u51b2\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u6392\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u3002\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u67d0\u79cd\u5916\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6b21\u5904\u4e8e\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6b21\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/div>
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\n\u8fd0\u884c\u2192\u5c31\u7eea\uff1a\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u5df2\u7528\u5b8c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8ba9\u51fa\u5904\u7406\u673a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002
\n\u8fd0\u884c\u2192\u963b\u585e\uff1a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56e0\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ece\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u6210\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002
\n\u963b\u585e\u2192\u5c31\u7eea\uff1a\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u82e5\u5176\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7531\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002
\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8868<\/div>
\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8868\u9879\uff0c\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8868\u9879\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u5806\u6808\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u6240\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5e10\u53f7\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/mark>cpu\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5171\u4eab\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53bb\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5360\u7528cpu\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u901f\u5207\u6362\u7ed9\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u5047\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u53ea\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/mark><\/strong>\n
      \n
    • \u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684start()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u5904\u4e8e\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u88abCPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001: \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97CPU\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\uff1a \u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u653e\u5f03CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1f<\/mark><\/strong>\n
        \n
      • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66f4\u52a0\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3001\u5feb\u6377\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u591aCPU\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u63d0\u9ad8CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u8017\u65f6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5141\u8bb8\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f7c\u6b64\u91cd\u53e0\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5e76\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982C\/S\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5e76\u53d1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u6539\u5584\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u957f\u53c8\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6216\u534a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5229\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5e76\u884c\u5b9e\u4f53\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u8c03\u5ea6\uff1a<\/mark>\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u5206\u914d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d \uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d \u3002\u628a\u4f20\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fbf\u80fd\u8f7b\u88c5\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002 \u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5207\u6362\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5728\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
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          \u9501<\/h2>\n\n\n
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          \u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1.   \u4e92\u65a5\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u4fdd\u6301\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56e0\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u963b\u585e\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u653e\u3002 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. \u4e0d\u5265\u593a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u672b\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u884c\u5265\u593a\u3002 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. \u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u82e5\u5e72\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5934\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u8d44\u6e90\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5e8f\u5217{P1\uff0cP2\uff0c\u2026\uff0cPn}\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dP1\u7b49\u5f85P2\u6240\u5360\u6709\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\uff0cP2\u7b49\u5f85P3\u6240\u5360\u6709\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u2026\u2026\uff0c\u800cPn\u7b49\u5f85P1\u6240\u5360\u6709\u7684\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u73af\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            \u89e3\u51b3\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            \u9e35\u9e1f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002(\u76f4\u63a5\u5ffd\u7565\u8be5\u95ee\u9898)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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            \u901a\u8fc7\u7834\u9664\u6b7b\u9501\u56db\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u6b7b\u9501\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\uff08\u9884\u9632\u7b56\u7565\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\u6765\u81eahttps:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/43189533#%E9%94%81%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6<\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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